Three seated statue of Emperor Franz Joseph

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (German: Franz Joseph I., Hungarian: I. Ferenc József, see the name in other languages; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia and Apostolic King of Hungary from 1848 until 1916.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Early life * 2 Imperial absolutism, 1848–1860 * 3 Assassination attempt in 1853 * 4 Family life * 5 Later reign and death * 6 Gallery * 7 Issue * 8 Ancestors * 9 Orders, decorations, and honors * 10 Legacy * 11 Official Grand Title * 12 Personal motto * 13 Names in other languages * 14 Nicknames * 15 References in popular culture * 16 See also * 17 Notes * 18 Further reading * 19 External links [edit] Early life Franz Josef was born in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the oldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (the younger son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II), and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria. Because his uncle, from 1835 the Emperor Ferdinand, was weak-minded, and his father unambitious and retiring, the young Archduke "Franzl" was brought up by his mother as a future Emperor with emphasis on devotion, responsibility and diligence. Franzl came to idolize his grandfather, der Gute Kaiser Franz, who had died shortly before the former's fifth birthday, as the ideal monarch. At the age of 13, young Archduke Franz started a career as a colonel in the Austrian army. From that point onward, his fashion was dictated by army style and for the rest of his life he normally wore the uniform of a junior officer. Franz Josef was soon joined by three younger brothers: Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian (born 1832, the future Emperor Maximilian of Mexico); Archduke Karl Ludwig (born 1833), and Archduke Ludwig Viktor (born 1842), and a sister, Maria Anna (born 1835), who died at the age of four. Following the resignation of the Chancellor Prince Metternich during the Revolutions of 1848, the young Archduke, who it was widely expected would soon succeed his uncle on the throne, was appointed Governor of Bohemia on 6 April, but never took up the post. Instead, Franz was sent to the front in Italy, joining Field Marshal Radetzky on campaign on 29 April, receiving his baptism of fire on 5 May at Santa Lucia. By all accounts he handled his first military experience calmly and with dignity. Around the same time, the Imperial Family was fleeing revolutionary Vienna for the calmer setting of Innsbruck, in Tyrol. Soon, the Archduke was called back from Italy, joining the rest of his family at Innsbruck by mid-June. It was at Innsbruck at this time that Franz Joseph first met his cousin Elisabeth, Duchess in Bavaria, his future bride, then a girl of ten, but apparently the meeting made little impact. Following victory over the Italians at Custoza in late July, the court felt safe to return to Vienna, and Franz Josef travelled with them. But within a few months Vienna again appeared unsafe, and in September the court left again, this time for Olmütz in Moravia. By now, Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, the influential military commander in Bohemia, was determined to see the young Archduke soon put onto the throne. It was thought that a new ruler would not be bound by the oaths to respect constitutional government to which Ferdinand had been forced to agree, and that it was necessary to find a young, energetic emperor to replace the kindly, but mentally unfit Emperor. Austrian Royalty House of Habsburg-Lorraine Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein).png Francis I (Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor) Children include Archduchess Marie Louise Ferdinand I Archduchess Maria Leopoldina Archduchess Clementina Archduke Franz Karl Grandchildren include Franz Joseph I Archduke Maximilian Archduke Karl Ludwig Archduke Ludwig Viktor Great-grandchildren include Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Otto Franz Ferdinand I Franz Joseph I Children Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Gisela Crown Prince Rudolf Archduchess Marie Valerie Grandchildren include Archduchess Elisabeth Marie Charles I Children include Crown Prince Otto Archduke Robert Archduke Felix Archduke Karl Ludwig Archduke Rudolf Grandchildren include Archduchess Andrea Archduchess Monika Archduchess Michaela Archduchess Gabriela Archduchess Walburga Archduke Karl Archduke Georg Archduke Lorenz Great-Grandchildren include Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir Archduke Amedeo It was thus at Olmütz on 2 December that, by the abdication of his uncle Ferdinand and the renunciation of his father, the mild-mannered Franz Karl, Franz Joseph succeeded as Emperor of Austria. It was at this time that he first became known by his second as well as his first given name. The name "Franz Joseph" was chosen deliberately to bring back memories of the new Emperor's great-granduncle, Emperor Joseph II, remembered as a modernizing reformer. [edit] Imperial absolutism, 1848–1860 Under the guidance of the new prime minister Prince Schwarzenberg, the new emperor at first pursued a cautious course, granting a constitution in early 1849. At the same time, military campaigns were necessary against the Hungarians, who had rebelled against Habsburg central authority under the name of their ancient liberties. Franz Joseph was also almost immediately faced with a renewal of the fighting in Italy, with King Charles Albert of Sardinia taking advantage of setbacks in Hungary to resume the war in March 1849. Soon, though, the military tide began to turn in favor of Franz Joseph and the Austrian whitecoats. Almost immediately, Charles Albert was decisively beaten by Radetzky at Novara, and forced both to sue for peace and to abdicate his throne. In Hungary, the situation was more grave and Austrian defeat was quite possible. Franz Joseph, sensing a need to secure his right to rule sought help from a reactionary Russia. With this Russian aid the Hungarian revolution was crushed by late summer of 1849. With order now restored throughout the Empire, Franz Joseph felt free to go back on the constitutional concessions he had made, especially as the Austrian parliament, meeting at Kremsier, had behaved, in the young Emperor's view, abominably. The 1849 constitution was suspended, and a policy of absolutist centralism was established, guided by the Minister of the Interior, Alexander Bach. The next few years saw the seeming recovery of Austria's position on the international scene following the near disasters of 1848–1849. Under Schwarzenberg's guidance, Austria was able to stymie Prussian scheming to create a new German Federation under Prussian leadership, excluding Austria. After Schwarzenberg's premature death in 1852, he could not be replaced by statesmen of equal stature, and the Emperor effectively took over himself as prime minister. [edit] Assassination attempt in 1853 Assassination attempt on the Emperor, 1853 On 18 February 1853, the Emperor survived an assassination attempt by Hungarian nationalist János Libényi. The emperor was taking a stroll with one of his officers, Maximilian Karl Lamoral O'Donnell, on a city-bastion, when Libényi approached him. He immediately struck the emperor from behind with a knife straight at the neck. Franz Joseph almost always wore a uniform, which had a high collar that almost completely enclosed the neck. It so happened that the collar of his uniform was made out of very sturdy material. Even though the Emperor was wounded and bleeding, the collar saved his life. Count O'Donnell (descendant of the Irish noble dynasty O'Donnell of Tyrconnell[2]) struck Libényi down with his sabre.[3] O'Donnell, hitherto only a Count by virtue of his Irish nobility, was thereafter made a Count of the Habsburg Empire, conferred with the Commander's Cross of the Royal Order of Leopold, and his customary O'Donnell arms were augmented by the initials and shield of the ducal House of Austria, with additionally the double-headed eagle of the Empire. These arms are emblazoned on the portico of no. 2 Mirabel Platz in Salzburg, where O'Donnell built his residence thereafter. Another witness who happened to be nearby, the butcher Joseph Ettenreich, quickly overwhelmed Libényi. For his deed he was later elevated to nobility by the Emperor and became Joseph von Ettenreich. Libényi was subsequently put on trial and condemned to death for attempted regicide. He was executed on the Simmeringer Haide. After the unsuccessful attack the Emperor's brother Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, the later Emperor of Mexico, called upon Europe's Royal families for donations to a new church on the site of the attack. The church was to be a votive offering for the rescue of the Emperor. It is located on Ringstraße in the district of Alsergrund close to the University of Vienna, and is known as the Votivkirche. [edit] Family life It was generally felt in the court that the Emperor should marry and produce heirs as soon as possible. Various potential brides were considered: Princess Elisabeth of Modena, Princess Anna of Prussia and Princess Sidonia of Saxony.[4] Although in public life the Emperor was the unquestioned director of affairs, in his private life his formidable mother still had a crucial influence. She wanted to strengthen the relationship between the Houses of Habsburg and Wittelsbach, and hoped to match Franz Joseph with her sister Ludovika's eldest daughter, Helene ("Nené"), four years the Emperor's junior. However, the Emperor became besotted with Nené's younger sister, Elisabeth ("Sisi"), a girl of sixteen, and insisted on marrying her instead. Sophie acquiesced, despite some misgivings about Sisi's appropriateness as an imperial consort, and the young couple were married on 24 April 1854 in St. Augustine's Church, Vienna. Their married life was not happy. Sisi never really adapted herself to the court and always had disagreements with the Imperial Family; their first daughter Sophie died as an infant; and their only son, Crown Prince Rudolf, died, allegedly by suicide in 1889, in the infamous Mayerling Incident. The Empress was an inveterate traveler, horsewoman, and fashion maven who was rarely seen in Vienna. She was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist in 1898; Franz Joseph never fully recovered from the loss. According to the future Empress-Consort Zita of Bourbon-Parma he usually told his relatives: "You'll never know how important she was for me" or, according to some sources, "She will never know how much I loved her" (although there is no definite proof he actually said this). The 1850s witnessed several failures of Austrian external policy: the Crimean War and break-up with Russia, and defeat in the Second Italian War of Independence. The setbacks continued in the 1860s with defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which resulted in the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. Political difficulties in Austria mounted continuously through the late 1800s and into the 20th century. But Franz Joseph remained immensely respected. His patriarchal authority held the Empire together while the politicians squabbled. [edit] Later reign and death In 1885 Franz Joseph met Katharina Schratt, a leading actress of the Vienna stage, and she became his mistress. This relationship lasted the rest of his life, and was, to a certain degree, tolerated by Sisi. Franz Joseph built Villa Schratt in Bad Ischl for her, and also provided her with a small palace in Vienna. After the death of Rudolf, the heir to the throne was his nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Franz Ferdinand decided to marry a mere countess, Franz Joseph opposed the marriage strenuously, and insisted that it must be morganatic; he did not even attend the wedding. After that, the two men disliked and distrusted each other. In 1903, Franz Joseph's veto of Cardinal Rampolla's election to the papacy was transmitted to the conclave by Cardinal Jan Puzyna. It was the last use of such a veto, because new Pope Pius X provided penalties for such. In 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, leading to World War I. When he heard the news of the assassination, Franz Joseph said that "in this manner a superior power has restored that order which I unfortunately was unable to maintain." Franz Joseph died in the Schönbrunn Palace in 1916, aged 86, in the middle of the war. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Karl. But two years later, after defeat in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy dissolved.[5] His 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe (after those of Louis XIV of France and Johannes II, Prince of Liechtenstein). [edit] Gallery Franz Joseph with his mother Princess Sophie of Bavaria The young Emperor Franz Joseph in 1855 Franz Joseph wearing the uniform of an Austrian Field Marshal Franz Joseph and his great-great-nephew Archduke Otto Personal arms of Emperor Franz Joseph Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria.ogv Play video Emperor Franz Joseph being greeted, circa 1910 Tomb of Franz Joseph I, flanked by wife Elisabeth and son Rudolf, in the Monument to Franz Joseph I, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Skulptor Volodymyr Tsisaryk and Ivanov I. Sergiy Silver 20 kreuzer coin of Franz Joseph, struck 1868 Obverse: (Latin) FRANC[ISCVS] JOS[EPHVS] I D[EI] G[RATIA] AVSTRIAE IMPERATOR, or in English, "Francis Joseph I, by the Grace of God Emperor of Austria" The Vienna mint continues to restrike gold corona and ducat coins which depict the emperor. Reverse: (Latin) HVNGAR[IAE] BOHEM[IAE] GAL[ICIAE] LOD[OMERIAE] ILL[YRIAE] REX A[RCHIDVX] A[VSTRIAE] 1868, or in English, continuing from the obverse, "King of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, of Illyria, Archduke of Austria 1868." [edit] Issue Name Birth Death Notes By Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898; married on 24 April 1854 in St. Augustine's Church, Vienna) Sophie Friederike Dorothea Maria Josepha 5 March 1855 29 May 1857 died in childhood Gisela Louise Marie 15 July 1856 27 July 1932 married, 1873 her second cousin, Prince Leopold of Bavaria; had issue Rudolf Francis Charles Joseph 21 August 1858 30 January 1889 died in the Mayerling Incident married, 1881, Princess Stephanie of Belgium; had issue Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie 22 April 1868 6 September 1924 married, 1890 her second cousin, Archduke Franz Salvator, Prince of Tuscany; had issue [edit] Ancestors [show]Ancestors of Franz Joseph I of Austria 16. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine) 8. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 17. Maria Theresa of Austria Queen of Hungary & Bohemia 4. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Charles III of Spain 9. Maria Louisa of Spain 19. Maria Amalia of Saxony 2. Archduke Franz Karl of Austria 20. Charles III of Spain (=18) 10. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 21. Maria Amalia of Saxony (=19) 5. Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies 22. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (=16) (Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine) 11. Marie Caroline of Austria 23. Maria Theresa of Austria (=17) Queen of Hungary & Bohemia 1. Franz Joseph I of Austria 24. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken 12. Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken 25. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken 6. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 26. Count Palatine Joseph Karl of Sulzbach 13. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach 27. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Augusta Sophie of Neuburg 3. Princess Sophie of Bavaria 28. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden 14. Margrave Charles Louis of Baden 29. Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt 7. Caroline of Baden 30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 15. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 31. Karoline of Zweibrücken [edit] Orders, decorations, and honors Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungaria transparency.png Reference style His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Spoken style Your Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Alternative style My Lord Emperor Franz Joseph held the following chivalric orders: * Order of the Golden Fleece (ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Military Order of Maria Theresa (Militär Maria-Theresien-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen (Königlich ungarischer St. Stephan-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of Leopold (Leopold-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of the Iron Crown (Orden der Eisernen Krone, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of the Garter, Great Britain, awarded 1867 and expelled 1914 * Order of the Black Eagle (Schwarzer-Adler-Orden), Prussia * Order of the Red Eagle (Roter-Adler-Orden), First Class, Prussia * Pour le Mérite (Orden Pour le Mérite, the "Blue Max"), Prussia * Royal House Order of Hohenzollern (Königlich Hausorden von Hohenzollern), Prussia Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Austria Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein).png Reference style His Imperial Majesty Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty Alternative style My Lord He founded the following orders: * Order of Franz Joseph (Franz Joseph-Orden), 1849 * Order of Elizabeth (Elizabeth-Orden), 1898 Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Hungary Coat of Arms of Hungary.svg Reference style His Royal Apostolic Majesty Spoken style Your Royal Apostolic Majesty Alternative style My Lord He held the following honorary appointments: * Colonel-in-chief, 1st (The King's) Dragoon Guards, British Army, 25 March 1896 - 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, Kexholm Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, Russian Army, until 26 June 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, 12th Belgorod Lancer Regiment, Russian Army, until 26 June 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, 16th (Schleswig-Holstein) Hussars, German Army * Colonel-in-chief, 122nd (Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, King of Hungary (4th Württemberg) Fusiliers * Field Marshal, British Army, 1 September 1903 - 1914 [edit] Legacy The archipelago Franz Josef Land in the Russian high Arctic was named in his honor in 1873. Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand's South Island also bears his name. Franz Joseph founded in 1872 the Franz Joseph University (Hungarian: Ferenc József Tudományegyetem, Romanian: Universitatea Francisc Iosif) in the city of Cluj-Napoca (at that time a part of Austria-Hungary under the name of Kolozsvár). The university was moved to Szeged after Cluj became a part of Romania, becoming the University of Szeged. [edit] Official Grand Title His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Franz Joseph I, by the Grace of God Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, King of Lombardy and Venice, of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria and Illyria; King of Jerusalem etc., Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine, of Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and of the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, of Auschwitz, Zator and Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Zara (Zadar); Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent (Trento) and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro (Kotor), and over the Windic march; president of The German Confederation.[6] After 1867: His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Francis Joseph I, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria; Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Illyria; King of Jerusalem, etc.; Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany, Crakow; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of the Upper & Lower Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Oswiecin, Zator, Cieszyn, Friuli, Ragusa, Zara; Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg, Gorizia, Gradisca; Prince of Trent, Brixen; Margrave of the Upper & Lower Lusatia, in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Triest, Kotor, the Wendish March; Grand Voivode of the Voivodship of Serbia etc. etc.. [edit] Personal motto * mit vereinten Kräften (German) = Viribus Unitis (Latin) = "With united forces" (as the Emperor of Austria). A homonymous war ship existed. * Bizalmam az Ősi Erényben (Hungarian) = Virtutis Confido (Latin) = "My trust in [the ancient] virtue" (as the Apostolic King of Hungary) [edit] Names in other languages Uniforms and other items of the Emperor at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien * Basque: Frantzizko Josepe * Breton: Frañsez Jozef * Bulgarian: Франц Йосиф * Croatian: Franjo Josip * Czech: František Josef * Dutch: Frans Jozef * Esperanto: Francisko Jozefo * Estonian: Franciscus Joosep * French: François-Joseph Ier * Friulian: Francesc Josef * Galician: Francisco Xosé * German: Franz Josef * Greek: Φραγκίσκος Ιωσήφ Α' * Hungarian: Ferenc József * Irish: Proinsias Seosamh * Italian: Francesco Giuseppe * Latin: Franciscus Iosephus * Latvian: Francis Jozefs * Lithuanian: Pranciškus Juozapas * Norwegian: Frans Josef * Polish: Franciszek Józef * Portuguese: Francisco José * Romanian: Francisc Iosif * Russian: Франц Иосиф * Scottish Gaelic: Frang Seòsaidh * Sicilian: Franciscu Giuseppi * Serbian: Фрања Јосиф / Franja Josif * Slovene: Franc Jožef * Slovak: František Jozef * Ukrainian: Франц Йосиф * Spanish: Francisco José * Welsh: Ffransis Joseff [edit] Nicknames Italian: Ceccobeppe, Cecco Beppe or Cecco Peppe (various dialectal forms) from shortened forms of Francesco Giuseppe, used mockingly, especially by Italian troops who fought during World War I. There is also a pacifist poem written by Italian poet Trilussa, "Ninna nanna de la guerra" ("War's lullaby"), where Franz Joseph is called Cecco Peppe.[7] Czech: Starej Procházka (Old Prochazka or "Walker") or František Procházka (Francis Procházka/"Walker"). Procházka is a common Czech surname which approximates to the English "Walker". It was applied to Franz Joseph after his visit to Prague in 1901 when a picture of him crossing a bridge on foot was published in Czech newspapers with the caption: "Strolling on a bridge" (Czech: "Procházka na mostě")). This, however, may be an urban legend. According to some historians, Franz Joseph was called Starej Procházka much earlier than 1901, the reason being that his arrival was being announced by a cavalryman named Procházka. Hungarian: Ferenc Jóska, in which Jóska means Joey, mocking his young age when he became the ruler and later his old aged image of an old uncle of the people. [edit] References in popular culture * In Robert Musil's novel The Man Without Qualities, a central part of the plot deals with the (ultimately futile) preparations for the seventieth anniversary of Franz Joseph's reign. * The satirical Czech anti-war novel The Good Soldier Švejk of 1932, by Jaroslav Hašek, satirized with comic absurdity, the aging monarch as Old Prochazka, as being totally out of touch with the times. * Radetzkymarsch (The Radetzky March), a 1932 novel by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth, where he is portrayed as a lonely, forgetful, ageing autocrat, awaiting death. * Sissi, a 1955 film depicting the fictionalized and romanticized idyll between a young Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria. Franz Joseph was played by Karlheinz Böhm. * Kenneth MacMillan's 1978 ballet, Mayerling * The Michael Kunze/Sylvester Levay musical Elisabeth portrays Franz Joseph's marriage with Elisabeth as a love triangle between the two and Death. * The Illusionist, a 2006 film where a fictional son of Franz Joseph plans to overthrow him. Franz Joseph does not actually appear in the film, but the illusionist magically creates a painting of the emperor to impress the fictional prince's court. * Frequent references are made to a stamp of Franz Josef I in Bruno Schulz's short story "Spring." * Franz Joseph appears frequently in the novel Flashman and the Tiger by George MacDonald-Fraser. (1999/Harper Collins). * In Episode 6 of Hidekaz Himaruya's anime series, Hetalia: Axis Powers, Franz Joseph is referenced extensively by the character Austria, who praises his frugality. * In the Tom and Jerry episode, Johann Mouse, there is a very accurate depiction of Franz Joseph I. * Indirect mention by Anna Wolfe in the 1997 video game The Last Express. [edit] See also * Rulers of Germany family tree. He was related to every other ruler of Germany. * List of coupled cousins [edit] Notes 1. ^ Francis Joseph. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 April 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/216776/Francis-Joseph 2. ^ O'Domhnaill Abu - O'Donnell Clan Newsletter no.7, Spring 1987 (ISSN 0790-7389)) 3. ^ Wien - Attentat - Kaiser Franz Joseph - Lasslo Libényi - Graf O´Donnell - JosefEttenreich - Geschichte - Votivkirche at www.wien-vienna.at 4. ^ Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph By Alan Palmer 5. ^ Norman Davies, Europe: A history p. 687 6. ^ The official title of the ruler of Austrian Empire and later the Austria-Hungary had been changed several times: by a patent from 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an imperial court ministry decree from 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter from 12 December 1867. Shorter versions were recommended for official documents and international treaties: "Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia etc. and Apostolic King of Hungary", "Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary", "His Majesty Emperor and King" and "His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty". The term Kaiserlich und königlich (K.u.K.) was decreed in a letter from 17 October 1889 for the military, the navy and the institutions shared by both parts of the monarchy. From the Otto's encyclopedia (published during 1888-1909), subject 'King', online in Czech. 7. ^ Il Deposito | Ninna nanna della guerra - | Trilussa | canti di protesta politica e sociale - archivio di testi, accordi e musica at ildeposito.org [edit] Further reading * Beller, Steven. Francis Joseph. Profiles in power. London: Longman, 1996. * Bled, Jean-Paul. Franz Joseph. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. * Cunliffe-Owen, Marguerite. Keystone of Empire: Francis Joseph of Austria. New York: Harper, 1903. * Gerö, András. Emperor Francis Joseph: King of the Hungarians. Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs, 2001. * Palmer, Alan. Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995. * Redlich, Joseph. Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria. New York: Macmillan, 1929. * Van der Kiste, John. Emperor Francis Joseph: Life, Death and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire. Stroud, England: Sutton, 2005. Franz Joseph I of Austria House of Habsburg-Lorraine Born: 18 August 1830 Died: 21 November 1916 Regnal titles Preceded by Ferdinand I Emperor of Austria 1848-1916 Succeeded by Charles I Preceded by Ferdinand I King of Hungary 1867-1916 Succeeded by Charles IV Preceded by Ferdinand I President of the German Confederation 1849-1866 Succeeded by William I of Prussia as President of the North German Confederation [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Franz Joseph I of Austria Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Emperor Franz Joseph I German Wikisource has original text related to this article: Emperor Franz Joseph I * Biography at WorldWar1.com * Details at Regiments.org * Genealogy * Mayerling tragedy * Miklós Horthy reflects on Franz Josef * Internet museum of Emperor Franz Joseph I, Wilhelm II and First World War [show] v • d • e German Confederations 1806–1871 Confederation of the Rhine Flag of France.svg 1806–1813 Protector: Napoleon I (1806–1813) Prince primate: Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1806–1813) • Eugène de Beauharnais (1813) German Confederation Wappen Deutscher Bund.PNG 1815–1866 Presidents: Francis I of Austria (1815–1835) • Ferdinand I of Austria (1835–1848) • Francis Joseph I of Austria (1849–1866) Imperial regent: Archduke Johann of Austria (1848–1849) North German Confederation Flag of the German Empire.svg 1867–1871 President: Wilhelm I of Prussia (1867–1871) List of German monarchs – History of Germany – House of Habsburg-Lorraine – House of Hohenzollern [show] v • d • e Monarchs of Hungary Stephen I (1000–1038) • Peter (1038–1041; 1044–1046) • Samuel (1041–1044) • Andrew I (1046–1060) • Béla I (1060–1063) • Solomon (1063–1074) • Géza I (1074–1077) • Ladislaus I (1077–1095) • Coloman (1095–1116) • Stephen II (1116–1131) • Béla II (1131–1141) • Géza II (1141–1162) • Stephen III (1162–1172) • Ladislaus II (1162–1163) • Stephen IV (1163) • Béla III (1172–1196) • Emeric (1196–1204) • Ladislaus III (1204–1205) • Andrew II (1205–1235) • Béla IV (1235–1270) • Stephen V (1270–1272) • Ladislaus IV (1272–1290) • Andrew III (1290–1301) • Ladislaus V (1301-1305) • Béla V (1305-1308) • Charles I (1310–1342) • Louis I (1342–1382) • Mary (1382–1385; 1386–1395) • Charles II (1385–1386) • Sigismund (1387–1437) • Albert (1437–1439) • Vladislaus I (1440–1444) • Ladislaus V (1444–1457) • Matthias I (1458–1490) • Vladislaus II (1490–1516) • Louis II (1516–1526) • John I (1526–1540) • John II (1540–1570) • Ferdinand I (1526–1564) • Maximilian (1564–1576) • Rudolph (1576–1608) • Matthias II (1608–1619) • Ferdinand II (1619–1637) • Ferdinand III (1637–1657) • Ferdinand IV (1647–1654) • Leopold I (1657–1705) • Joseph I (1705–1711) • Charles III (1711–1740) • Maria Theresa (1740–1780) • Joseph II (1780–1790) • Leopold II (1790–1792) • Francis (1792–1830) • Ferdinand V (1830–1848) • Francis Joseph (1848–1916) • Charles IV (1916–1918) [show] v • d • e Austrian archdukes 1st Generation Frederick V · Albert VI · Sigismund 2nd Generation Archduke Cristopher · Maximilian I · Archduke John · Archduke Wolfgang 3rd Generation Philip I of Castile · Archduke Francis 4th Generation Charles I · Ferdinand I 5th Generation Philip II of Spain* · Maximilian II · Ferdinand II · Archduke Ferdinand* · Archduke John* · Archduke John · Archduke Ferdinand* · Charles II 6th Generation Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Rudolf V · Archduke Ernest · Matthias · Maximilian III · Albert VII · Archduke Wenzel · Archduke Frederick · Archduke Charles · Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Archduke Carlos Lorenzo* · Diego, Prince of Asturias* · Philip III of Spain* · Ferdinand III · Archduke Charles · Archduke Maximilian Ernest · Leopold V · Archduke Charles 7th Generation Archduke Charles · Philip IV of Spain* · Archduke Philipp · Archduke John-Charles · Archduke Albert · Archduke Charles* · Ferdinand IV · Archduke Ferdinand* · Archduke Alfonso Mauricio · Leopold Wilhelm · Ferdinand Charles · Sigismund Francis 8th Generation Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Ferdinand IV of Hungary · Archduke Francisco Fernando* · Archduke Philip August · Archduke Maximilian Thomas · Leopold VI · Archduke Charles Joseph · Archduke Ferdinand Joseph Alois · Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand Thomas* · Charles II of Spain* 9th Generation Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel · Archduke John Leopold · Joseph I · Archduke Leopold Joseph · Charles III 10th Generation Archduke Leopold Joseph · Archduke Leopold John 11th Generation Joseph II** · Archduke Charles Louis** · Leopold VII** · Archduke Ferdinand** · Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne** 12th Generation Emperor Francis I** · Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Charles, Duke of Teschen** · Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary** · Joseph, Palatine of Hungary** · Archduke Anton Victor** · Archduke John** · Archduke Rainier Joseph** · Archduke Louis** · Cardinal-Archduke Rudolf** · Archduke Josef Franz*** · Francis IV, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph*** · Archduke Maximilian*** · Karl, Primate of Hungary*** 13th Generation Emperor Ferdinand I · Francis Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany** · Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Joseph Franz · Archduke Franz Karl · Archduke Johann Nepomuk · Albert, Duke of Teschen · Stephen, Palatine of Hungary · Archduke Karl Ferdinand · Francis V, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Frederick Ferdinand · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor*** · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Leopold Ludwig · Archduke Ernest Karl · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Sigismund Leopold · Archduke Rainer Ferdinand · Archduke Wilhelm Franz · Archduke Heinrich Anton · Archduke Maximilian Karl · Archduke Joseph Karl 14th Generation Emperor Franz Joseph I · Maximilian I of Mexico · Archduke Charles Louis · Archduke Ludwig Viktor · Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Ludwig Salvator** · Archduke John Salvator** · Archduke Karl · Archduke Franz Joseph · Friedrich, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Charles Stephen · Archduke Eugen · Archduke Joseph August · Archduke Ladislaus 15th Generation Crown Prince Rudolf · Archduke Franz Ferdinand*** · Archduke Otto Francis · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Leopold Ferdinand** · Archduke Joseph Ferdinand** · Archduke Peter Ferdinand** · Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand** · Archduke Robert Ferdinand** · Archduke Leopold Salvator** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Albrecht Salvator** · Archduke Rainier Salvator** · Archduke Ferdinand Salvator** · Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Karl Albrecht · Archduke Leo Karl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Joseph Francis · Archduke Ladislaus Joseph · Archduke Matthias 16th Generation Emperor Charles I · Archduke Maximilian Eugen · Archduke Gottfried** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Leopold Maria** · Archduke Anton** · Archduke Franz Joseph** · Archduke Karl Pius** · Archduke Franz Karl** · Archduke Hubert Salvator** · Archduke Theodor Salvator** · Archduke Clemens Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Arpád · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Géza · Archduke Michael Koloman 17th Generation Crown Prince Otto · Archduke Robert*** · Archduke Felix · Archduke Carl Ludwig · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Heinrich Maria · Archduke Leopold Franz** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Radbot** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Stephan** · Archduke Dominic** · Archduke Friederich Salvator** · Archduke Andreas Salvator** · Archduke Markus** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Michael** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Karl · Archduke Andreas Agustinus · Archduke Nicholas Franz · Archduke Johann Jacob · Archduke Edward Karl · Archduke Paul Rudolf 18th Generation Archduke Karl · Archduke Georg · Archduke Lorenz*** · Archduke Gerhard*** · Archduke Martin*** · Archduke Karl Philipp · Archduke Raimund Joseph · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Karl Peter · Archduke Simeon · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Maximilian Heinrich · Archduke Philipp Joachim · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Konrad · Archduke Sigismund** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Alexander Salvator** · Archduke Thaddäus Salvator** · Archduke Casimir Salvator** · Archduke Matthias** · Archduke Johannes** · Archduke Bernhard** · Archduke Benedikt · Archduke Joseph Albrecht · Archduke Paul Leo · Archduke Friedrich Cyprian · Archduke Benedikt Alexander · Archduke Nicolás · Archduke Santiago · Archduke Paul Benedikt 19th Generation Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir · Archduke Karl Konstantin · Archduke Amedeo*** · Archduke Joachim*** · Archduke Bartholomaeus*** · Archduke Emmanuel*** · Archduke Felix Carl · Archduke Andreas Franz · Archduke Paul Johannes · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Thomas · Archduke Franz Ludwig · Archduke Michael · Archduke Joseph · Archduke Imre · Archduke Imre · Archduke Christoph · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Lorenz Carl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Ludwig · Archduke Philipp · Archduke Nicholas · Archduke Constantin · Archduke Jacob Maximilian · Archduke Leopold Amedeo** · Archduke Maximilian** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Constantin Salvator** · Archduke Paul Salvator** *also an infante of Spain **also a prince of Tuscany ***also a prince of Modena [show] v • d • e Military of Austria-Hungary Army k. u. k. Armee • Imperial Austrian Army • Royal Hungarian Army • Formations • Army ranks and insignia of the Austro-Hungarian Army • Military Intelligence Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1867 (Mittel).png War flag of Austria-Hungary (1918).svg Naval Ensign of Austria-Hungary (1918).svg Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg Navy k. u. k. Kriegsmarine · List of battleships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy · List of U-Boats of the Austro-Hungarian Navy Airforce K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen · Aircraft of the Austro-Hungarian Airforce Ministers for War Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Freiherr von John • Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Kuhn Freiherr Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld • General der Kavallerie Alexander Freiherr von Koller • Feldzeugmeister Arthur Maximilian Graf Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ältere) • Feldzeugmeister Ferdinand Freiherr Bauer • Feldzeugmeister Rudolf Freiherr Merkl • General der Kavallerie Edmund Freiherr von Krieghammer • Feldzeugmeister Heinrich Ritter von Pitreich • General der Infanterie Franz Freiherr Schönaich • General der Infanterie Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von Komarów • Feldmarschal Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin • Generaloberst Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten Commanders Archduke Eugen of Austria • Franz Rohr von Denta • Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli • Svetozar Boroevic von Bojna • Archduke Joseph August of Austria • Franz Böhme • Josip Jelačić • Günther Burstyn • Georg Dragičević • Karol Durski-Trzaska • Gheorghe Flondor • Tadeusz Jordan-Rozwadowski • Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany • Rudolf Maister • Artur Phleps • Oskar Potiorek • Alfred Redl • Maximilian Ronge • Viktor Dankl von Krasnik • Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel • Stjepan Sarkotić • Gottfried von Banfield • Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria • Miklós Horthy • Franz von Keil • Giovanni Luppis • Georg Ludwig von Trapp • Janko Vuković Commanders-in-Chief of the Navy VAdm. Wilhelm von Tegetthoff • VAdm. Friedrich Freiherr von Pöck • VAdm. Maximilian Daublebsky Freiherr von Sterneck • VAdm. Hermann Freiherr von Spaun VAdm. • Rudolf Graf/Conte Montecuccoli • Grand Adm. Anton Haus • Grand Adm. Anton Haus • Adm. Maximilian Njegovan • Adm. Miklós Horthy Chief of the General Staff Feldmarschalleutnant Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina • Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Freiherr von John • Feldmarschalleutnant Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld • Feldzeugmeister Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky • Franz Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf • Generalmajor Blasius Schemua • General der Infanterie Arthur Arz von Straussenburg Commanders-in-Chief of the Army Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen • Franz Joseph • Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen • Karl I • Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza Supreme Commanders Franz Joseph • Karl I [show] v • d • e Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Belligerents Austrian Empire · Hungarian Revolutionary Army · Kingdom of Hungary · Russian Empire Pretext April laws Major Battles Pákozd · Schwechat · Mór · Kápolna · Komárom · Segesvár · Szőreg · Temesvár Other Battles Buda · Isaszeg · Vienna Uprising Influence Hungarian Declaration of Independence · Surrender at Világos · Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Leaders for Austria Ferdinand I of Austria · Franz Joseph I of Austria · Eduard Clam-Gallas · Julius Jacob von Haynau · Josip Jelačić · Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein · Alexander von Lüders · Fjodor Szergejevics Panutyin · Franz Schlik · Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz 1848Zaszlo1.gif Leaders for Hungary Lajos Batthyány · Józef Bem · János Damjanich · Henryk Dembiński · Arisztid Dessewffy · Artúr Görgey · Richard Guyon · György Klapka · György Kmety · Lajos Kossuth · Vilmos Lázár · János Móga · Alessandro Monti · Ferenc Ottinger · Mór Perczel · István Széchenyi · Bertalan Szemere Images Persondata Name Habsburg, Franz Joseph I Karl Alternative names Franz Joseph I of Austria Short description Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Date of birth 18 August 1830(1830-08-18) Place of birth Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria Date of death 21 November 1916(1916-11-21) Place of death Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" Categories: 1830 births | 1916 deaths | 19th-century monarchs in Europe | Austrian Field Marshals | Bohemian princes | Emperors of Austria | Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary | Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece | House of Habsburg-Lorraine | Hungarian monarchs | Rulers of Transylvania | Kings of Croatia | Knights of the Golden Fleece | Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion | Military Order of Maria Theresa recipients | People from Vienna | People of the Edwardian era | People of the Revolutions of 1848 | People of the Victorian era | Attempted assassination survivors | Recipients of the Military Order of Max Joseph | Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle | Recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle | Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) | Roman Catholic monarchs | Recipients of the Order of Prince Danilo I | Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro | Degraded Extra Knights Companion of the Garter | Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order | Annulled Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain | Knights Grand Cross of the Military William OrderFranz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (German: Franz Joseph I., Hungarian: I. Ferenc József, see the name in other languages; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Croatia and Apostolic King of Hungary from 1848 until 1916.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Early life * 2 Imperial absolutism, 1848–1860 * 3 Assassination attempt in 1853 * 4 Family life * 5 Later reign and death * 6 Gallery * 7 Issue * 8 Ancestors * 9 Orders, decorations, and honors * 10 Legacy * 11 Official Grand Title * 12 Personal motto * 13 Names in other languages * 14 Nicknames * 15 References in popular culture * 16 See also * 17 Notes * 18 Further reading * 19 External links [edit] Early life Franz Josef was born in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, the oldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (the younger son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II), and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria. Because his uncle, from 1835 the Emperor Ferdinand, was weak-minded, and his father unambitious and retiring, the young Archduke "Franzl" was brought up by his mother as a future Emperor with emphasis on devotion, responsibility and diligence. Franzl came to idolize his grandfather, der Gute Kaiser Franz, who had died shortly before the former's fifth birthday, as the ideal monarch. At the age of 13, young Archduke Franz started a career as a colonel in the Austrian army. From that point onward, his fashion was dictated by army style and for the rest of his life he normally wore the uniform of a junior officer. Franz Josef was soon joined by three younger brothers: Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian (born 1832, the future Emperor Maximilian of Mexico); Archduke Karl Ludwig (born 1833), and Archduke Ludwig Viktor (born 1842), and a sister, Maria Anna (born 1835), who died at the age of four. Following the resignation of the Chancellor Prince Metternich during the Revolutions of 1848, the young Archduke, who it was widely expected would soon succeed his uncle on the throne, was appointed Governor of Bohemia on 6 April, but never took up the post. Instead, Franz was sent to the front in Italy, joining Field Marshal Radetzky on campaign on 29 April, receiving his baptism of fire on 5 May at Santa Lucia. By all accounts he handled his first military experience calmly and with dignity. Around the same time, the Imperial Family was fleeing revolutionary Vienna for the calmer setting of Innsbruck, in Tyrol. Soon, the Archduke was called back from Italy, joining the rest of his family at Innsbruck by mid-June. It was at Innsbruck at this time that Franz Joseph first met his cousin Elisabeth, Duchess in Bavaria, his future bride, then a girl of ten, but apparently the meeting made little impact. Following victory over the Italians at Custoza in late July, the court felt safe to return to Vienna, and Franz Josef travelled with them. But within a few months Vienna again appeared unsafe, and in September the court left again, this time for Olmütz in Moravia. By now, Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, the influential military commander in Bohemia, was determined to see the young Archduke soon put onto the throne. It was thought that a new ruler would not be bound by the oaths to respect constitutional government to which Ferdinand had been forced to agree, and that it was necessary to find a young, energetic emperor to replace the kindly, but mentally unfit Emperor. Austrian Royalty House of Habsburg-Lorraine Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein).png Francis I (Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor) Children include Archduchess Marie Louise Ferdinand I Archduchess Maria Leopoldina Archduchess Clementina Archduke Franz Karl Grandchildren include Franz Joseph I Archduke Maximilian Archduke Karl Ludwig Archduke Ludwig Viktor Great-grandchildren include Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Otto Franz Ferdinand I Franz Joseph I Children Archduchess Sophie Archduchess Gisela Crown Prince Rudolf Archduchess Marie Valerie Grandchildren include Archduchess Elisabeth Marie Charles I Children include Crown Prince Otto Archduke Robert Archduke Felix Archduke Karl Ludwig Archduke Rudolf Grandchildren include Archduchess Andrea Archduchess Monika Archduchess Michaela Archduchess Gabriela Archduchess Walburga Archduke Karl Archduke Georg Archduke Lorenz Great-Grandchildren include Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir Archduke Amedeo It was thus at Olmütz on 2 December that, by the abdication of his uncle Ferdinand and the renunciation of his father, the mild-mannered Franz Karl, Franz Joseph succeeded as Emperor of Austria. It was at this time that he first became known by his second as well as his first given name. The name "Franz Joseph" was chosen deliberately to bring back memories of the new Emperor's great-granduncle, Emperor Joseph II, remembered as a modernizing reformer. [edit] Imperial absolutism, 1848–1860 Under the guidance of the new prime minister Prince Schwarzenberg, the new emperor at first pursued a cautious course, granting a constitution in early 1849. At the same time, military campaigns were necessary against the Hungarians, who had rebelled against Habsburg central authority under the name of their ancient liberties. Franz Joseph was also almost immediately faced with a renewal of the fighting in Italy, with King Charles Albert of Sardinia taking advantage of setbacks in Hungary to resume the war in March 1849. Soon, though, the military tide began to turn in favor of Franz Joseph and the Austrian whitecoats. Almost immediately, Charles Albert was decisively beaten by Radetzky at Novara, and forced both to sue for peace and to abdicate his throne. In Hungary, the situation was more grave and Austrian defeat was quite possible. Franz Joseph, sensing a need to secure his right to rule sought help from a reactionary Russia. With this Russian aid the Hungarian revolution was crushed by late summer of 1849. With order now restored throughout the Empire, Franz Joseph felt free to go back on the constitutional concessions he had made, especially as the Austrian parliament, meeting at Kremsier, had behaved, in the young Emperor's view, abominably. The 1849 constitution was suspended, and a policy of absolutist centralism was established, guided by the Minister of the Interior, Alexander Bach. The next few years saw the seeming recovery of Austria's position on the international scene following the near disasters of 1848–1849. Under Schwarzenberg's guidance, Austria was able to stymie Prussian scheming to create a new German Federation under Prussian leadership, excluding Austria. After Schwarzenberg's premature death in 1852, he could not be replaced by statesmen of equal stature, and the Emperor effectively took over himself as prime minister. [edit] Assassination attempt in 1853 Assassination attempt on the Emperor, 1853 On 18 February 1853, the Emperor survived an assassination attempt by Hungarian nationalist János Libényi. The emperor was taking a stroll with one of his officers, Maximilian Karl Lamoral O'Donnell, on a city-bastion, when Libényi approached him. He immediately struck the emperor from behind with a knife straight at the neck. Franz Joseph almost always wore a uniform, which had a high collar that almost completely enclosed the neck. It so happened that the collar of his uniform was made out of very sturdy material. Even though the Emperor was wounded and bleeding, the collar saved his life. Count O'Donnell (descendant of the Irish noble dynasty O'Donnell of Tyrconnell[2]) struck Libényi down with his sabre.[3] O'Donnell, hitherto only a Count by virtue of his Irish nobility, was thereafter made a Count of the Habsburg Empire, conferred with the Commander's Cross of the Royal Order of Leopold, and his customary O'Donnell arms were augmented by the initials and shield of the ducal House of Austria, with additionally the double-headed eagle of the Empire. These arms are emblazoned on the portico of no. 2 Mirabel Platz in Salzburg, where O'Donnell built his residence thereafter. Another witness who happened to be nearby, the butcher Joseph Ettenreich, quickly overwhelmed Libényi. For his deed he was later elevated to nobility by the Emperor and became Joseph von Ettenreich. Libényi was subsequently put on trial and condemned to death for attempted regicide. He was executed on the Simmeringer Haide. After the unsuccessful attack the Emperor's brother Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, the later Emperor of Mexico, called upon Europe's Royal families for donations to a new church on the site of the attack. The church was to be a votive offering for the rescue of the Emperor. It is located on Ringstraße in the district of Alsergrund close to the University of Vienna, and is known as the Votivkirche. [edit] Family life It was generally felt in the court that the Emperor should marry and produce heirs as soon as possible. Various potential brides were considered: Princess Elisabeth of Modena, Princess Anna of Prussia and Princess Sidonia of Saxony.[4] Although in public life the Emperor was the unquestioned director of affairs, in his private life his formidable mother still had a crucial influence. She wanted to strengthen the relationship between the Houses of Habsburg and Wittelsbach, and hoped to match Franz Joseph with her sister Ludovika's eldest daughter, Helene ("Nené"), four years the Emperor's junior. However, the Emperor became besotted with Nené's younger sister, Elisabeth ("Sisi"), a girl of sixteen, and insisted on marrying her instead. Sophie acquiesced, despite some misgivings about Sisi's appropriateness as an imperial consort, and the young couple were married on 24 April 1854 in St. Augustine's Church, Vienna. Their married life was not happy. Sisi never really adapted herself to the court and always had disagreements with the Imperial Family; their first daughter Sophie died as an infant; and their only son, Crown Prince Rudolf, died, allegedly by suicide in 1889, in the infamous Mayerling Incident. The Empress was an inveterate traveler, horsewoman, and fashion maven who was rarely seen in Vienna. She was stabbed to death by an Italian anarchist in 1898; Franz Joseph never fully recovered from the loss. According to the future Empress-Consort Zita of Bourbon-Parma he usually told his relatives: "You'll never know how important she was for me" or, according to some sources, "She will never know how much I loved her" (although there is no definite proof he actually said this). The 1850s witnessed several failures of Austrian external policy: the Crimean War and break-up with Russia, and defeat in the Second Italian War of Independence. The setbacks continued in the 1860s with defeat in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which resulted in the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. Political difficulties in Austria mounted continuously through the late 1800s and into the 20th century. But Franz Joseph remained immensely respected. His patriarchal authority held the Empire together while the politicians squabbled. [edit] Later reign and death In 1885 Franz Joseph met Katharina Schratt, a leading actress of the Vienna stage, and she became his mistress. This relationship lasted the rest of his life, and was, to a certain degree, tolerated by Sisi. Franz Joseph built Villa Schratt in Bad Ischl for her, and also provided her with a small palace in Vienna. After the death of Rudolf, the heir to the throne was his nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Franz Ferdinand decided to marry a mere countess, Franz Joseph opposed the marriage strenuously, and insisted that it must be morganatic; he did not even attend the wedding. After that, the two men disliked and distrusted each other. In 1903, Franz Joseph's veto of Cardinal Rampolla's election to the papacy was transmitted to the conclave by Cardinal Jan Puzyna. It was the last use of such a veto, because new Pope Pius X provided penalties for such. In 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, leading to World War I. When he heard the news of the assassination, Franz Joseph said that "in this manner a superior power has restored that order which I unfortunately was unable to maintain." Franz Joseph died in the Schönbrunn Palace in 1916, aged 86, in the middle of the war. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Karl. But two years later, after defeat in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy dissolved.[5] His 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe (after those of Louis XIV of France and Johannes II, Prince of Liechtenstein). [edit] Gallery Franz Joseph with his mother Princess Sophie of Bavaria The young Emperor Franz Joseph in 1855 Franz Joseph wearing the uniform of an Austrian Field Marshal Franz Joseph and his great-great-nephew Archduke Otto Personal arms of Emperor Franz Joseph Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria.ogv Play video Emperor Franz Joseph being greeted, circa 1910 Tomb of Franz Joseph I, flanked by wife Elisabeth and son Rudolf, in the Monument to Franz Joseph I, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Skulptor Volodymyr Tsisaryk and Ivanov I. Sergiy Silver 20 kreuzer coin of Franz Joseph, struck 1868 Obverse: (Latin) FRANC[ISCVS] JOS[EPHVS] I D[EI] G[RATIA] AVSTRIAE IMPERATOR, or in English, "Francis Joseph I, by the Grace of God Emperor of Austria" The Vienna mint continues to restrike gold corona and ducat coins which depict the emperor. Reverse: (Latin) HVNGAR[IAE] BOHEM[IAE] GAL[ICIAE] LOD[OMERIAE] ILL[YRIAE] REX A[RCHIDVX] A[VSTRIAE] 1868, or in English, continuing from the obverse, "King of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Galicia, of Lodomeria, of Illyria, Archduke of Austria 1868." [edit] Issue Name Birth Death Notes By Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898; married on 24 April 1854 in St. Augustine's Church, Vienna) Sophie Friederike Dorothea Maria Josepha 5 March 1855 29 May 1857 died in childhood Gisela Louise Marie 15 July 1856 27 July 1932 married, 1873 her second cousin, Prince Leopold of Bavaria; had issue Rudolf Francis Charles Joseph 21 August 1858 30 January 1889 died in the Mayerling Incident married, 1881, Princess Stephanie of Belgium; had issue Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie 22 April 1868 6 September 1924 married, 1890 her second cousin, Archduke Franz Salvator, Prince of Tuscany; had issue [edit] Ancestors [show]Ancestors of Franz Joseph I of Austria 16. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine) 8. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 17. Maria Theresa of Austria Queen of Hungary & Bohemia 4. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 18. Charles III of Spain 9. Maria Louisa of Spain 19. Maria Amalia of Saxony 2. Archduke Franz Karl of Austria 20. Charles III of Spain (=18) 10. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 21. Maria Amalia of Saxony (=19) 5. Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies 22. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (=16) (Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine) 11. Marie Caroline of Austria 23. Maria Theresa of Austria (=17) Queen of Hungary & Bohemia 1. Franz Joseph I of Austria 24. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken 12. Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken 25. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken 6. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 26. Count Palatine Joseph Karl of Sulzbach 13. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach 27. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Augusta Sophie of Neuburg 3. Princess Sophie of Bavaria 28. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden 14. Margrave Charles Louis of Baden 29. Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt 7. Caroline of Baden 30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 15. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 31. Karoline of Zweibrücken [edit] Orders, decorations, and honors Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungaria transparency.png Reference style His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Spoken style Your Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Alternative style My Lord Emperor Franz Joseph held the following chivalric orders: * Order of the Golden Fleece (ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Military Order of Maria Theresa (Militär Maria-Theresien-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen (Königlich ungarischer St. Stephan-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of Leopold (Leopold-Orden, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of the Iron Crown (Orden der Eisernen Krone, ex officio as Emperor of Austria) * Order of the Garter, Great Britain, awarded 1867 and expelled 1914 * Order of the Black Eagle (Schwarzer-Adler-Orden), Prussia * Order of the Red Eagle (Roter-Adler-Orden), First Class, Prussia * Pour le Mérite (Orden Pour le Mérite, the "Blue Max"), Prussia * Royal House Order of Hohenzollern (Königlich Hausorden von Hohenzollern), Prussia Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Austria Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein).png Reference style His Imperial Majesty Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty Alternative style My Lord He founded the following orders: * Order of Franz Joseph (Franz Joseph-Orden), 1849 * Order of Elizabeth (Elizabeth-Orden), 1898 Monarchical styles of Franz Joseph I of Hungary Coat of Arms of Hungary.svg Reference style His Royal Apostolic Majesty Spoken style Your Royal Apostolic Majesty Alternative style My Lord He held the following honorary appointments: * Colonel-in-chief, 1st (The King's) Dragoon Guards, British Army, 25 March 1896 - 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, Kexholm Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, Russian Army, until 26 June 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, 12th Belgorod Lancer Regiment, Russian Army, until 26 June 1914 * Colonel-in-chief, 16th (Schleswig-Holstein) Hussars, German Army * Colonel-in-chief, 122nd (Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, King of Hungary (4th Württemberg) Fusiliers * Field Marshal, British Army, 1 September 1903 - 1914 [edit] Legacy The archipelago Franz Josef Land in the Russian high Arctic was named in his honor in 1873. Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand's South Island also bears his name. Franz Joseph founded in 1872 the Franz Joseph University (Hungarian: Ferenc József Tudományegyetem, Romanian: Universitatea Francisc Iosif) in the city of Cluj-Napoca (at that time a part of Austria-Hungary under the name of Kolozsvár). The university was moved to Szeged after Cluj became a part of Romania, becoming the University of Szeged. [edit] Official Grand Title His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Franz Joseph I, by the Grace of God Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, King of Lombardy and Venice, of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria and Illyria; King of Jerusalem etc., Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine, of Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and of the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, of Auschwitz, Zator and Teschen, Friuli, Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and Zara (Zadar); Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent (Trento) and Brixen; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro (Kotor), and over the Windic march; president of The German Confederation.[6] After 1867: His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Francis Joseph I, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria; Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Illyria; King of Jerusalem, etc.; Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany, Crakow; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of the Upper & Lower Silesia, Modena, Parma, Piacenza, Guastalla, Oswiecin, Zator, Cieszyn, Friuli, Ragusa, Zara; Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg, Gorizia, Gradisca; Prince of Trent, Brixen; Margrave of the Upper & Lower Lusatia, in Istria; Count of Hohenems, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Triest, Kotor, the Wendish March; Grand Voivode of the Voivodship of Serbia etc. etc.. [edit] Personal motto * mit vereinten Kräften (German) = Viribus Unitis (Latin) = "With united forces" (as the Emperor of Austria). A homonymous war ship existed. * Bizalmam az Ősi Erényben (Hungarian) = Virtutis Confido (Latin) = "My trust in [the ancient] virtue" (as the Apostolic King of Hungary) [edit] Names in other languages Uniforms and other items of the Emperor at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien * Basque: Frantzizko Josepe * Breton: Frañsez Jozef * Bulgarian: Франц Йосиф * Croatian: Franjo Josip * Czech: František Josef * Dutch: Frans Jozef * Esperanto: Francisko Jozefo * Estonian: Franciscus Joosep * French: François-Joseph Ier * Friulian: Francesc Josef * Galician: Francisco Xosé * German: Franz Josef * Greek: Φραγκίσκος Ιωσήφ Α' * Hungarian: Ferenc József * Irish: Proinsias Seosamh * Italian: Francesco Giuseppe * Latin: Franciscus Iosephus * Latvian: Francis Jozefs * Lithuanian: Pranciškus Juozapas * Norwegian: Frans Josef * Polish: Franciszek Józef * Portuguese: Francisco José * Romanian: Francisc Iosif * Russian: Франц Иосиф * Scottish Gaelic: Frang Seòsaidh * Sicilian: Franciscu Giuseppi * Serbian: Фрања Јосиф / Franja Josif * Slovene: Franc Jožef * Slovak: František Jozef * Ukrainian: Франц Йосиф * Spanish: Francisco José * Welsh: Ffransis Joseff [edit] Nicknames Italian: Ceccobeppe, Cecco Beppe or Cecco Peppe (various dialectal forms) from shortened forms of Francesco Giuseppe, used mockingly, especially by Italian troops who fought during World War I. There is also a pacifist poem written by Italian poet Trilussa, "Ninna nanna de la guerra" ("War's lullaby"), where Franz Joseph is called Cecco Peppe.[7] Czech: Starej Procházka (Old Prochazka or "Walker") or František Procházka (Francis Procházka/"Walker"). Procházka is a common Czech surname which approximates to the English "Walker". It was applied to Franz Joseph after his visit to Prague in 1901 when a picture of him crossing a bridge on foot was published in Czech newspapers with the caption: "Strolling on a bridge" (Czech: "Procházka na mostě")). This, however, may be an urban legend. According to some historians, Franz Joseph was called Starej Procházka much earlier than 1901, the reason being that his arrival was being announced by a cavalryman named Procházka. Hungarian: Ferenc Jóska, in which Jóska means Joey, mocking his young age when he became the ruler and later his old aged image of an old uncle of the people. [edit] References in popular culture * In Robert Musil's novel The Man Without Qualities, a central part of the plot deals with the (ultimately futile) preparations for the seventieth anniversary of Franz Joseph's reign. * The satirical Czech anti-war novel The Good Soldier Švejk of 1932, by Jaroslav Hašek, satirized with comic absurdity, the aging monarch as Old Prochazka, as being totally out of touch with the times. * Radetzkymarsch (The Radetzky March), a 1932 novel by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth, where he is portrayed as a lonely, forgetful, ageing autocrat, awaiting death. * Sissi, a 1955 film depicting the fictionalized and romanticized idyll between a young Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria. Franz Joseph was played by Karlheinz Böhm. * Kenneth MacMillan's 1978 ballet, Mayerling * The Michael Kunze/Sylvester Levay musical Elisabeth portrays Franz Joseph's marriage with Elisabeth as a love triangle between the two and Death. * The Illusionist, a 2006 film where a fictional son of Franz Joseph plans to overthrow him. Franz Joseph does not actually appear in the film, but the illusionist magically creates a painting of the emperor to impress the fictional prince's court. * Frequent references are made to a stamp of Franz Josef I in Bruno Schulz's short story "Spring." * Franz Joseph appears frequently in the novel Flashman and the Tiger by George MacDonald-Fraser. (1999/Harper Collins). * In Episode 6 of Hidekaz Himaruya's anime series, Hetalia: Axis Powers, Franz Joseph is referenced extensively by the character Austria, who praises his frugality. * In the Tom and Jerry episode, Johann Mouse, there is a very accurate depiction of Franz Joseph I. * Indirect mention by Anna Wolfe in the 1997 video game The Last Express. [edit] See also * Rulers of Germany family tree. He was related to every other ruler of Germany. * List of coupled cousins [edit] Notes 1. ^ Francis Joseph. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 April 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/216776/Francis-Joseph 2. ^ O'Domhnaill Abu - O'Donnell Clan Newsletter no.7, Spring 1987 (ISSN 0790-7389)) 3. ^ Wien - Attentat - Kaiser Franz Joseph - Lasslo Libényi - Graf O´Donnell - JosefEttenreich - Geschichte - Votivkirche at www.wien-vienna.at 4. ^ Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph By Alan Palmer 5. ^ Norman Davies, Europe: A history p. 687 6. ^ The official title of the ruler of Austrian Empire and later the Austria-Hungary had been changed several times: by a patent from 1 August 1804, by a court office decree from 22 August 1836, by an imperial court ministry decree from 6 January 1867 and finally by a letter from 12 December 1867. Shorter versions were recommended for official documents and international treaties: "Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia etc. and Apostolic King of Hungary", "Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary", "His Majesty Emperor and King" and "His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty". The term Kaiserlich und königlich (K.u.K.) was decreed in a letter from 17 October 1889 for the military, the navy and the institutions shared by both parts of the monarchy. From the Otto's encyclopedia (published during 1888-1909), subject 'King', online in Czech. 7. ^ Il Deposito | Ninna nanna della guerra - | Trilussa | canti di protesta politica e sociale - archivio di testi, accordi e musica at ildeposito.org [edit] Further reading * Beller, Steven. Francis Joseph. Profiles in power. London: Longman, 1996. * Bled, Jean-Paul. Franz Joseph. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. * Cunliffe-Owen, Marguerite. Keystone of Empire: Francis Joseph of Austria. New York: Harper, 1903. * Gerö, András. Emperor Francis Joseph: King of the Hungarians. Boulder, Colo.: Social Science Monographs, 2001. * Palmer, Alan. Twilight of the Habsburgs: The Life and Times of Emperor Francis Joseph. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995. * Redlich, Joseph. Emperor Francis Joseph Of Austria. New York: Macmillan, 1929. * Van der Kiste, John. Emperor Francis Joseph: Life, Death and the Fall of the Habsburg Empire. Stroud, England: Sutton, 2005. Franz Joseph I of Austria House of Habsburg-Lorraine Born: 18 August 1830 Died: 21 November 1916 Regnal titles Preceded by Ferdinand I Emperor of Austria 1848-1916 Succeeded by Charles I Preceded by Ferdinand I King of Hungary 1867-1916 Succeeded by Charles IV Preceded by Ferdinand I President of the German Confederation 1849-1866 Succeeded by William I of Prussia as President of the North German Confederation [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Franz Joseph I of Austria Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Emperor Franz Joseph I German Wikisource has original text related to this article: Emperor Franz Joseph I * Biography at WorldWar1.com * Details at Regiments.org * Genealogy * Mayerling tragedy * Miklós Horthy reflects on Franz Josef * Internet museum of Emperor Franz Joseph I, Wilhelm II and First World War [show] v • d • e German Confederations 1806–1871 Confederation of the Rhine Flag of France.svg 1806–1813 Protector: Napoleon I (1806–1813) Prince primate: Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1806–1813) • Eugène de Beauharnais (1813) German Confederation Wappen Deutscher Bund.PNG 1815–1866 Presidents: Francis I of Austria (1815–1835) • Ferdinand I of Austria (1835–1848) • Francis Joseph I of Austria (1849–1866) Imperial regent: Archduke Johann of Austria (1848–1849) North German Confederation Flag of the German Empire.svg 1867–1871 President: Wilhelm I of Prussia (1867–1871) List of German monarchs – History of Germany – House of Habsburg-Lorraine – House of Hohenzollern [show] v • d • e Monarchs of Hungary Stephen I (1000–1038) • Peter (1038–1041; 1044–1046) • Samuel (1041–1044) • Andrew I (1046–1060) • Béla I (1060–1063) • Solomon (1063–1074) • Géza I (1074–1077) • Ladislaus I (1077–1095) • Coloman (1095–1116) • Stephen II (1116–1131) • Béla II (1131–1141) • Géza II (1141–1162) • Stephen III (1162–1172) • Ladislaus II (1162–1163) • Stephen IV (1163) • Béla III (1172–1196) • Emeric (1196–1204) • Ladislaus III 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Albert VI · Sigismund 2nd Generation Archduke Cristopher · Maximilian I · Archduke John · Archduke Wolfgang 3rd Generation Philip I of Castile · Archduke Francis 4th Generation Charles I · Ferdinand I 5th Generation Philip II of Spain* · Maximilian II · Ferdinand II · Archduke Ferdinand* · Archduke John* · Archduke John · Archduke Ferdinand* · Charles II 6th Generation Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Rudolf V · Archduke Ernest · Matthias · Maximilian III · Albert VII · Archduke Wenzel · Archduke Frederick · Archduke Charles · Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand · Archduke Carlos Lorenzo* · Diego, Prince of Asturias* · Philip III of Spain* · Ferdinand III · Archduke Charles · Archduke Maximilian Ernest · Leopold V · Archduke Charles 7th Generation Archduke Charles · Philip IV of Spain* · Archduke Philipp · Archduke John-Charles · Archduke Albert · Archduke Charles* · Ferdinand IV · Archduke Ferdinand* · Archduke Alfonso Mauricio · Leopold Wilhelm · Ferdinand Charles · Sigismund Francis 8th Generation Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias* · Ferdinand IV of Hungary · Archduke Francisco Fernando* · Archduke Philip August · Archduke Maximilian Thomas · Leopold VI · Archduke Charles Joseph · Archduke Ferdinand Joseph Alois · Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias* · Archduke Ferdinand Thomas* · Charles II of Spain* 9th Generation Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel · Archduke John Leopold · Joseph I · Archduke Leopold Joseph · Charles III 10th Generation Archduke Leopold Joseph · Archduke Leopold John 11th Generation Joseph II** · Archduke Charles Louis** · Leopold VII** · Archduke Ferdinand** · Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne** 12th Generation Emperor Francis I** · Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Charles, Duke of Teschen** · Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary** · Joseph, Palatine of Hungary** · Archduke Anton Victor** · Archduke John** · Archduke Rainier Joseph** · Archduke Louis** · Cardinal-Archduke Rudolf** · Archduke Josef Franz*** · Francis IV, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph*** · Archduke Maximilian*** · Karl, Primate of Hungary*** 13th Generation Emperor Ferdinand I · Francis Leopold, Grand Prince of Tuscany** · Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Joseph Franz · Archduke Franz Karl · Archduke Johann Nepomuk · Albert, Duke of Teschen · Stephen, Palatine of Hungary · Archduke Karl Ferdinand · Francis V, Duke of Modena*** · Archduke Frederick Ferdinand · Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor*** · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Leopold Ludwig · Archduke Ernest Karl · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Sigismund Leopold · Archduke Rainer Ferdinand · Archduke Wilhelm Franz · Archduke Heinrich Anton · Archduke Maximilian Karl · Archduke Joseph Karl 14th Generation Emperor Franz Joseph I · Maximilian I of Mexico · Archduke Charles Louis · Archduke Ludwig Viktor · Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Ludwig Salvator** · Archduke John Salvator** · Archduke Karl · Archduke Franz Joseph · Friedrich, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Charles Stephen · Archduke Eugen · Archduke Joseph August · Archduke Ladislaus 15th Generation Crown Prince Rudolf · Archduke Franz Ferdinand*** · Archduke Otto Francis · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Leopold Ferdinand** · Archduke Joseph Ferdinand** · Archduke Peter Ferdinand** · Archduke Heinrich Ferdinand** · Archduke Robert Ferdinand** · Archduke Leopold Salvator** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Albrecht Salvator** · Archduke Rainier Salvator** · Archduke Ferdinand Salvator** · Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen · Archduke Karl Albrecht · Archduke Leo Karl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Joseph Francis · Archduke Ladislaus Joseph · Archduke Matthias 16th Generation Emperor Charles I · Archduke Maximilian Eugen · Archduke Gottfried** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Rainier** · Archduke Leopold Maria** · Archduke Anton** · Archduke Franz Joseph** · Archduke Karl Pius** · Archduke Franz Karl** · Archduke Hubert Salvator** · Archduke Theodor Salvator** · Archduke Clemens Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Arpád · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Géza · Archduke Michael Koloman 17th Generation Crown Prince Otto · Archduke Robert*** · Archduke Felix · Archduke Carl Ludwig · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Heinrich Maria · Archduke Leopold Franz** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Radbot** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Stephan** · Archduke Dominic** · Archduke Friederich Salvator** · Archduke Andreas Salvator** · Archduke Markus** · Archduke Johann** · Archduke Michael** · Archduke Franz Salvator** · Archduke Karl Salvator** · Archduke Joseph Karl · Archduke Andreas Agustinus · Archduke Nicholas Franz · Archduke Johann Jacob · Archduke Edward Karl · Archduke Paul Rudolf 18th Generation Archduke Karl · Archduke Georg · Archduke Lorenz*** · Archduke Gerhard*** · Archduke Martin*** · Archduke Karl Philipp · Archduke Raimund Joseph · Archduke Itsván · Archduke Rudolf · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Karl Peter · Archduke Simeon · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Maximilian Heinrich · Archduke Philipp Joachim · Archduke Ferdinand Karl · Archduke Konrad · Archduke Sigismund** · Archduke Georg** · Archduke Guntram** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Alexander Salvator** · Archduke Thaddäus Salvator** · Archduke Casimir Salvator** · Archduke Matthias** · Archduke Johannes** · Archduke Bernhard** · Archduke Benedikt · Archduke Joseph Albrecht · Archduke Paul Leo · Archduke Friedrich Cyprian · Archduke Benedikt Alexander · Archduke Nicolás · Archduke Santiago · Archduke Paul Benedikt 19th Generation Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir · Archduke Karl Konstantin · Archduke Amedeo*** · Archduke Joachim*** · Archduke Bartholomaeus*** · Archduke Emmanuel*** · Archduke Felix Carl · Archduke Andreas Franz · Archduke Paul Johannes · Archduke Carl Christian · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Thomas · Archduke Franz Ludwig · Archduke Michael · Archduke Joseph · Archduke Imre · Archduke Imre · Archduke Christoph · Archduke Alexander · Archduke Lorenz Carl · Archduke Wilhelm · Archduke Johannes · Archduke Ludwig · Archduke Philipp · Archduke Nicholas · Archduke Constantin · Archduke Jacob Maximilian · Archduke Leopold Amedeo** · Archduke Maximilian** · Archduke Leopold** · Archduke Constantin Salvator** · Archduke Paul Salvator** *also an infante of Spain **also a prince of Tuscany ***also a prince of Modena [show] v • d • e Military of Austria-Hungary Army k. u. k. Armee • Imperial Austrian Army • Royal Hungarian Army • Formations • Army ranks and insignia of the Austro-Hungarian Army • Military Intelligence Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1867 (Mittel).png War flag of Austria-Hungary (1918).svg Naval Ensign of Austria-Hungary (1918).svg Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg Navy k. u. k. Kriegsmarine · List of battleships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy · List of U-Boats of the Austro-Hungarian Navy Airforce K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen · Aircraft of the Austro-Hungarian Airforce Ministers for War Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Freiherr von John • Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Kuhn Freiherr Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld • General der Kavallerie Alexander Freiherr von Koller • Feldzeugmeister Arthur Maximilian Graf Bylandt-Rheydt (der Ältere) • Feldzeugmeister Ferdinand Freiherr Bauer • Feldzeugmeister Rudolf Freiherr Merkl • General der Kavallerie Edmund Freiherr von Krieghammer • Feldzeugmeister Heinrich Ritter von Pitreich • General der Infanterie Franz Freiherr Schönaich • General der Infanterie Moritz Ritter Auffenberg von Komarów • Feldmarschal Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin • Generaloberst Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten Commanders Archduke Eugen of Austria • Franz Rohr von Denta • Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli • Svetozar Boroevic von Bojna • Archduke Joseph August of Austria • Franz Böhme • Josip Jelačić • Günther Burstyn • Georg Dragičević • Karol Durski-Trzaska • Gheorghe Flondor • Tadeusz Jordan-Rozwadowski • Archduke Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany • Rudolf Maister • Artur Phleps • Oskar Potiorek • Alfred Redl • Maximilian Ronge • Viktor Dankl von Krasnik • Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel • Stjepan Sarkotić • Gottfried von Banfield • Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria • Miklós Horthy • Franz von Keil • Giovanni Luppis • Georg Ludwig von Trapp • Janko Vuković Commanders-in-Chief of the Navy VAdm. 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Miklós Horthy Chief of the General Staff Feldmarschalleutnant Josef Wilhelm Freiher von Gallina • Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Freiherr von John • Feldmarschalleutnant Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld • Feldzeugmeister Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky • Franz Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf • Generalmajor Blasius Schemua • General der Infanterie Arthur Arz von Straussenburg Commanders-in-Chief of the Army Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen • Franz Joseph • Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen • Karl I • Hermann Kövess von Kövessháza Supreme Commanders Franz Joseph • Karl I [show] v • d • e Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Belligerents Austrian Empire · Hungarian Revolutionary Army · Kingdom of Hungary · Russian Empire Pretext April laws Major Battles Pákozd · Schwechat · Mór · Kápolna · Komárom · Segesvár · Szőreg · Temesvár Other Battles Buda · Isaszeg · Vienna Uprising Influence Hungarian Declaration of Independence · Surrender at Világos · Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Leaders for Austria Ferdinand I of Austria · Franz Joseph I of Austria · Eduard Clam-Gallas · Julius Jacob von Haynau · Josip Jelačić · Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein · Alexander von Lüders · Fjodor Szergejevics Panutyin · Franz Schlik · Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz 1848Zaszlo1.gif Leaders for Hungary Lajos Batthyány · Józef Bem · János Damjanich · Henryk Dembiński · Arisztid Dessewffy · Artúr Görgey · Richard Guyon · György Klapka · György Kmety · Lajos Kossuth · Vilmos Lázár · János Móga · Alessandro Monti · Ferenc Ottinger · Mór Perczel · István Széchenyi · Bertalan Szemere Images Persondata Name Habsburg, Franz Joseph I Karl Alternative names Franz Joseph I of Austria Short description Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary Date of birth 18 August 1830(1830-08-18) Place of birth Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria Date of death 21 November 1916(1916-11-21) Place of death Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" Categories: 1830 births | 1916 deaths | 19th-century monarchs in Europe | Austrian Field Marshals | Bohemian princes | Emperors of Austria | Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary | Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece | House of Habsburg-Lorraine | Hungarian monarchs | Rulers of Transylvania | Kings of Croatia | Knights of the Golden Fleece | Knights of the Order of the Norwegian Lion | Military Order of Maria Theresa recipients | People from Vienna | People of the Edwardian era | People of the Revolutions of 1848 | People of the Victorian era | Attempted assassination survivors | Recipients of the Military Order of Max Joseph | Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle | Recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle | Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) | Roman Catholic monarchs | Recipients of the Order of Prince Danilo I | Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro | Degraded Extra Knights Companion of the Garter | Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order | Annulled Recipients of the Royal Victorian Chain | Knights Grand Cross of the Military William Order